Global gas emission from mud volcanoes is ⁓15.9 Tg/yr- during quiescent periods and ⁓17.1 Tg/yr during eruptive periods, and the gas is mainly dominated by methane. Studies showed that methane emissions from terrestrial mud volcanoes during quiescent and eruptive stages significantly influence the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important to understand the geochemical process that controls the methane formation in mud volcanoes. It is known that mud volcanoes consist of clay minerals and organic matter. The clay minerals can play a key role in the transformation of organic matter into methane. The project aims to understand clay minerals’ catalytic role in changing organic matter in mud volcanoes.